Health Status Of Pregnant Women Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF THE OREM MODEL APPROACH ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA (PEB) DURING THE PANDEMIC AT THE NORTH CIMAHI HEALTH CENTER

Background : One of the causes of maternal death is preeclampsia, the high incidence of preeclampsia in Indonesia cannot be separated by several factors such as low education and lack of health awareness. The role of nurses in this case: is to carry out promotive efforts by carrying out health promotions to pregnant women about preeclampsia, Self Care Orem theory with the main focus on seeing how a person maintains his health and welfare can be applied through health education as an effort to increase knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women. Objectives : This study aims to determine the effect of the Orem model approach on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about preeclampsia at the North Cimahi Health Center. Methods : This research method is quasi-experimental quantitative research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sample is 55 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument is a knowledge and attitude questionnaire about preeclampsia. Result : The results of this study indicate that half of them, 30 respondents (54.4%) have good knowledge and almost all 46 respondents (83.6%) have a positive attitude. Based on the analysis of the Marginal Homogeniety and Mcnemar test, the value of p = 0.000 < (0.05). Conclusions : Concluded that there is an effect of the Orem model approach on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding preeclampsia. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference and basis for improving the health status of pregnant women, especially in preventing preeclampsia.

Pre-eclampsia risk monitoring and alert system usingmachine learning and IoT

After 20◦weeks of gestation, pre-eclampsia is characterized by newly developing hypertension. Preventative interventions only moderately lower a woman’s risk of pre-eclampsia due to its prevalence, the risk variables that have been found to be accurate in predicting its beginning, and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. The signs and symptoms typically become visible toward the end of pregnancy (late second to early third trimester). Some of these tests are straightforward, while others are invasive; some have undergone significant research, while others are still being investigated in clinical settings. Pre-eclampsia has been linked, in particular, to cardiovascular sequelae in the fetus, such as hypertension and impaired vascular function. In our project, a system and analgorithm for evaluating the health status of pregnant women are proposed. Pre-eclampsia can cause major diseases and issues during pregnancy; thus, the system’s goal is to diagnose the condition early and monitor its risk. Our research examines the diagnostic options for early risk assessment to identify pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia and the possible advantages for the women, the unborn child, and health-care systems. A system like this will be widely used in clinical obstetric practice. It is designed to be implemented to monitor pregnant women’s status updates through the Internet of Things based on machine learning.

Effect of Family Support on Psychological Disorders in Pregnant Women in Pulo Lor Village, Pulo Lor District, Jombang Regency

Psychological health disorders during pregnancy can cause poor pregnancy outcomes in the form of complications including the risk of preterm labor, delays in the delivery process, low birth weight, hypertension and impaired fetal neurodevelopment and development. The risk of these complications can be reduced by improving the factors that affect the psychological health of pregnant women including interpersonal relationships, family roles and social support. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family support on the psychological health status of pregnant women using the unpaired categorical analytic research method of more than two groups with univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analysis. The research process carried out on pregnant women in Jombang Regency has found that influential family support can reduce the risk of psychological disorders in the form of anxiety during pregnancy.

Mental health status of pregnant women during COVID-19 in healthcare centers of Iran: A cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted every single aspect of life. In addition to being a public health emergency, the COVID-19 outbreak impacted the mental health of individuals, especially pregnant women. This study aimed to examine the mental health status of pregnant women and also the effect of sociodemographic factors on their mental health status during COVID-19 in healthcare centers of Iran. This cross-sectional, analytical-descriptive study was conducted among pregnant women referring to healthcare centers in Shoushtar, Iran, in 2021. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between quantitative variables. A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to estimate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable (mental health). A total of 197 participants with a mean ± SD age of 27.85 ± 6.37 years took part in this study. The total mean score of mental health was estimated at 17.47±8.20. The highest mean ± SD score was, respectively, related to social dysfunction (6.63 ± 2.86), anxiety and insomnia (5.28 ± 3.53), and somatic symptoms (4.17 ± 3.27). Mental health disorder was significantly correlated with participants' age (R = .223, P = .00), number of pregnancy (gravida) (R = .272, P = .00), number of births (para) (R = 0.272, P = .00), and number of abortions (R = .172, P = .015). About 80% of pregnant women did not reveal impaired mental health conditions or psychological distress, while 19.3% showed scores that indicate probable mental health conditions. Social dysfunction was the most common mental health problem among pregnant women. It is necessary to pay more attention to the mental health status of pregnant women during a pandemic. Interventions such as practical strategies to promote social support and improve pregnant women's mental health during pregnancy are highly important.

The effect of empowerment of the "Mahatta" Cadre on the health status of the first thousand days of birth

Introduction: For the past ten years, child malnutrition has been a major national concern in Indonesia.  Although the incidence of stunted toddlers has reduced, more than a fifth of toddlers in Indonesia still have stunted growth, making the issue of stunted toddlers a public health concern. This condition got worst due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Indonesia, the COVID-19 pandemic has hampered access for mothers and children to optimal health services. Thus, This study aims to assess the effect of empowerment of the "Mahatta" cadre on the health degrees ahead of the first thousand days of birth. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental, with consecutive sampling techniques to determine. The study was conducted in Sampang City. In this study, we divided into two groups. Each group consists of 58 respondents. The intervention group was a group that got empowerment from Mahatta cadres, and the control group was not.  The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire sheet. The statistical analysis for the analytic study was man Whitney and Wilcoxon and chi-square. The significant p-value was less than 0.05. Results: The average age in the intervention group (43.59 ± 7.910 years old) was higher than the control group (42.53 ± 8.236 years old). Our findings show an enhancement of the test result in the control group of  Mahatta's health workforce empowerment aspect. The empowerment of Mahatta cadres significantly increases the health status score (p=0.000) in the intervention group. The mean value in the intervention group was even higher than in the control group. This showed the potential for Mahatta cadres to improve the health status of pregnant women and children under two years of age. Conclusion:  The empowerment of Mahatta cadres significantly increases the health status score in the intervention group.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL MELALUI EDUKASI MENGGUNAKAN LEMBAR BALIK KEPADA KADER DAN IBU HAMIL

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 830 women in the world and in Indonesia 38 mothers die every day due to complications from pregnancy and the birth process (WHO, 2019). K1 and K4 visits in the working area of the Karang Intan 2 Community Health Center, Banjar Regency from January to May 2022 were not optimal, it was found that the K1 visit coverage of 38.79% and K4 34.35% was still less than the expected K1 and K4 achievement percentage. The programs at posyandu are also not much developed due to the limitations and lack of knowledge of cadres. Efforts to carry out training of cadres in efforts to improve the health of pregnant women through education using feedback sheets for cadres and pregnant women in the working area of Karang Intan 2 Health Center, Banjar Regency. This service aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of cadres and pregnant women regarding how to improve the health status of pregnant women in the Karang Intan 2 Health Center Working Area, Banjar Regency. The method involves training and mentoring for cadres using Power Point media, videos, flip sheets and leaflets. Participants consist of 20 cadres from PKM Partners, 10 pregnant women, 1 midwife and 1 nutritionist at Karang Intan 2 Community Health Center, Banjar Regency, evaluated through pre-test and post-test as well as monitoring and evaluation by assessing cadre counseling for pregnant women at the posyandu. The results show that there is an increase in improvement from before, this shows that the material presented can be understood by cadres and pregnant women well

Kelas Ibu Hamil Di Desa Loru Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru

Quality antenatal care is essentially one of the basic medical services that is very strategic in an effort to improve the health status of pregnant women and the fetuses they contain. To achieve this desire, it is necessary to always pay attention to access to antenatal services that can be reached by pregnant women and their families, so that pregnant women can continue to attend antenatal check-ups on an ongoing basis for the health and safety of their pregnancy. Apart from that, the quality of the services provided must always be maintained, thereby increasing the continuity of antenatal checks so that partners can maintain the health status of the pregnancy and early detection of disorders that may occur during pregnancy (Guidelines for Antenatal Services).

General Health Status and Physical Activity Level of Pregnant Women in Bojnord, Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and Aims Major changes to lifestyle due to the COVID-19 pandemic increased the potential risk of psychological disorders among pregnant women. This study aims to investigate the general health status of pregnant women in Bojnord, Iran, and assess its relationship with their physical activity level. Methods This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consists of all pregnant women referred to prenatal care centers in Bojnord city, of whom 55 were selected as the study samples. The instruments were the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire and the 28-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between the two variables. Results The mean scores for the GHQ-28 subscales of somatic symptoms, severe depression, social dysfunction, and anxiety/insomnia were 11.90, 11.91, 12.97, and 16.49, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between general health status and level of physical activity (r=0.54; P<0.001). Regarding the four dimensions of GHQ-28, the results showed that physical activity had a negative and significant relationship with somatic symptoms (r=-0.61) and severe depression (r=-0.33), but it had no significant relationship with anxiety/insomnia and social dysfunction. Conclusion Pregnant women in Bojnord, Iran, are at risk of problems in several domains of general health during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that they stay active or engage in physical activity to regulate the psychological effects of the pandemic and quarantine.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Self-care Training on Improving the Physical Health Status of Pregnant Women

Background: Self-care during pregnancy includes principles and care programs that lead to clinical outcomes and effectively reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-care training in improving the physical health status of pregnant women. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 116 pregnant mothers referred to the health centers of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in a simple random fashion with permutation blocks with two intervention (58 people) and control (58 people) groups. Demographic, skeletal, and muscular discomfort questionnaires were used to collect data, and data were collected before and after the intervention in both groups. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: In this study, the results showed that out of 116 pregnant mothers participating, 58 were in the intervention group and 58 were in the control group, and between the variables of age (P = 0.001) and occupation (P = 0.003), job status (P = 0.042), gestational age (P = 0.001), number of deliveries (P = 0.001), exercise (P = 0.002), also there was a significant relationship between exercise time (P = 0.003) and physical health, and there was no significant relationship with the rest of the variables, and the average physical health in the control group before the intervention was 29.74 ± 6.97 and after the intervention was 28.41 ± 7.44 and in the intervention group before the intervention, it was 30.82 ± 6.38, and after the intervention, it was 27.7 ± 6.33, and there was a significant relationship between physical health and intervention. Conclusions: The results showed that self-care training increases the physical health of pregnant women; on the other hand, it is a very important tool for designing and implementing educational interventions to improve women's health.

STUDI KASUS: PEMERIKSAAN KADAR ALBUMIN DAN GLUKOSA URINE PADA ASUHAN KEHAMILAN Ny. I DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS AIR BESAR KOTA AMBON

Pregnancy checks are very important for all pregnant women to determine fetal growth and maternal health, including detecting protein and glucose levels in the urine. Examination of urine albumin is a parameter of routine urine examination needed to help make a diagnosis. It is necessary to detect protein levels in the urine to diagnose preeclampsia because it can cause problems in pregnancy and childbirth and can even cause pain, as well as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Complications of DM in pregnancy affect the mother and baby, namely premature birth, large babies, hypoglycemia, infant death in the womb, risk of pre-eclampsia, cesarean section (planned or emergency) and infant shoulder dystocia so it is also necessary to check urine glucose levels. This case study illustrates the indications for urine albumin and glucose examination where the mother is 42 years old, third trimester of pregnancy, complains of headaches and feels dizzy, current weight is 73 kg, last visit's weight was 69 kg. Blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg, there is edema in the leg area. The author conducted a laboratory examination and found that the urine albumin value was +1 while the urine glucose level was negative. Diagnosed with Mrs. I with mild preeclampsia. Midwifery care that is carried out focuses on overcoming the discomfort experienced by the mother and mild preeclampsia. Care was carried out for 4 visits with an interval of 1 week. On April 28, 2023 the results of the weight examination decreased 130/80 mmHg, the headaches were no longer felt, the urine albumin and glucose were negative. Early detection by carrying out a comprehensive examination from health workers including laboratory tests is needed to achieve the health status of pregnant women and family support so that the mother and fetus remain healthy during pregnancy.

IMPROVING THE KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL NURSES IN SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTEGRATED ANC PROGRAMME AT PUSKESMAS IN LAMONGAN DISTRICT

Cross-programme cooperation between the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) room and the Dental and Oral Health room is one form of cooperation that is quite influential on the level of oral health of pregnant women. MCH which is a form of Puskesmas main activity is not only tasked with recording or knowing early all abnormalities or cases or complaints found in hard tissue and soft tissue in the oral cavity of pregnant women, but MCH also provides referral efforts to the Dental and Oral Health room for oral health care which involves the role of dentists and dental nurses. This community service aims to increase the knowledge of dental nurses in supporting integrated ANC at the Lamongan Regency Health Centre, various factors that affect the performance of dental nurses in the implementation of integrated ANC. From the results of the research, a fik performance model was found and can be taken into consideration by dental nurses in supporting the implementation of integrated ANC at the Puskesmas. The method used was to provide training for dental nurses working at Puskesmas in the Lamongan District Health Office working area, using lecture and discussion methods and questions and answers. The targets and outcomes achieved in this service are: 1) Increased knowledge of dental nurses about Ante Natal Care (ANC) and dental and oral diseases as well as systemic diseases related to pregnancy in increasing K1 visits of pregnant women at Puskesmas. This knowledge is expected to increase the visits of pregnant women to the dental clinic of the health centre. 2) Final report and article that will be included as a scientific publication in an accredited journal after the service. 3) Obtaining Haki for this module and community service. After this activity is completed, dental nurses can make efforts to increase integrated ANC visits at the Puskesmas where they work, which so far have not reached the target of visiting pregnant women in the dental clinic (Integrated ANC) not 100% so that the oral health status of pregnant women becomes better

Peningkatan Kemampuan Deteksi Dini Depresi pada Ibu Hamil di Kota Surabaya

The problems of pregnant women are not only physical health problems but also mental health problems. Mothers who experience mental and emotional health disorders are usually unable to carry out their daily functions properly and experience impaired fetal growth and development, social problems, and mental safety. So far, the examination of pregnant women and antenatal care efforts have focused more on efforts to maintain the physical health status of pregnant women and have not touched on the emotional health aspects, especially depression. So efforts to detect early and even prevent depression during pregnancy are significant. Increased knowledge and early detection of depression can help pregnant women prevent depression and provide solutions for appropriate treatment. This community service activity formed a class of pregnant women in RW 9, 13, and 14 as many as 28 people in Ujung Village, Semampir District, Surabaya City. The material was given directly by using a back sheet and leaflets. Pre-tests and post-tests are carried out before and after giving the material. The results of this community service activity showed that there was an increase in the ability to detect depression in pregnant women after attending classes for pregnant women on three materials (p=0,006; p=0.000; p=0,000; α=0.05). The ability to detect depression will prevent depression because pregnant women know the symptoms of depression that are visible or felt. So that pregnant women can make follow-up efforts and appropriate treatment if depression is detected.

Relation of Helicobacter Pylori and Hyperemesis Gravidarum in sample of pregnant women in Maternity Teaching Hospital of Erbil city

Background and objectives: Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy are accompanied by great impact on general health status of pregnant women especially if presented as hyperemesis gravidarum. The helicobacter pylori infection is predominant in Iraqi community. The aim of the study is to find out whether sero-positivity for immunoglobulin G antibodies to Helicobacter pylori is related to hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: A study carried out in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan region-Iraq from 1st of May, 2019 to 30th of April, 2020 on a sample of 80 pregnant women; 40 pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum and 40 pregnant women as controls. Diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum was done depending on clinical presentations and investigations findings. Serum electrolytes and immunoglobulin G antibody tests were done for the studied women. Results: In the current study, 60% of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum pregnant women had positive immunoglobulin G of Helicobacter Pylori as compared to 35% of control group. The serum levels of sodium, potassium and chloride were significantly lower in 40%, 50% and 25% of pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum respectively compared to 10%, 17.5% and 7.5% in control group. Low educational level and socioeconomic status of pregnant women were significantly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Hyperemesis gravidarum was more common in pregnant women with normal body mass index. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. The development of hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy leads to obvious electrolyte imbalance.

Oral and periodontal assessment at the first trimester of pregnancy: The PERISCOPE longitudinal study.

Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are chronic non-communicable inflammatory diseases. The risk of developing gingivitis and periodontitis increases during pregnancy. Also, periodontitis increases the risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and preeclampsia. Early diagnosis of adverse pregnancy outcomes is essential and periodontitis could be an early sign to take into consideration. We conducted a longitudinal observational study (PERISCOPE study: CNIL, no. 1 967 084 v 0; CER, no. 01-0416) on 121 pregnant women in the first trimester to determine their oral and periodontal health status. We explored the relations between oral and periodontal health status and sociodemographic and behavior characteristics, as well as their course and outcome of pregnancy. A total of 47.1% of the women had periodontitis, of which only 66.7% presented clinical manifestations associated with the disease such as gingival bleeding. These women had a poorer oral and periodontal health, and a higher body mass index, and more of them developed gestational diabetes during the course of pregnancy. The remaining 33.3% showed only discreet and isolated inflammatory signs and, unless thoroughly examined, would have gone undiagnosed for periodontitis. Interestingly these women were more often primiparous, still active professionally and had had a recent oral examination. The PERISCOPE study is one of the few studies that reports the oral and periodontal health status of pregnant women in the first trimester. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for early oral and periodontal assessment and treatment, even in the absence of exterior clinical signs, in order to prevent periodontal disease aggravation and also, by reducing low grade systemic inflammation, possibly adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Oral and Dental Health Status of Pregnant Women Referred to Perinatal Clinics in Southeastern Iran

Oral and Dental Health Status of Pregnant Women Referred to Perinatal Clinics in Southeastern Iran

E-POSYANDU: WEB-BASED MOTHER AND CHILD POSYANDU APPLICATION USING THE CODEIGNITER FRAMEWORK

POSYANDU (Integrated Service Post) is a monthly activity post to monitor the health status of pregnant women and toddlers (children under the age of five). This activity is carried out to monitor the growth and nutritional status of children under five on a regular basis and to understand the situation of pregnant women who are at risk so that preventive measures can be taken to prevent the death of pregnant women and malnourished children. However, in practice there are some difficulties such as searching for data and recording the same name in different formats. This study uses a qualitative method with a cross-sectional approach, where the aim of this research is to design and build a system that can manage Posyandu data in an integrated and well-computerized manner based on WEB cloud computing. The result of this study is a posyandu application consisting of immune data, vaccine data, child data, mother data, officer data, and posyandu data. The accuracy of the application implementation based on the blackbox method by posyandu officers who focus on the functionality side, especially on the input and output of the application by the officers, results of the application running according to the design requirements.
  

Factors associated with the mental health status of pregnant women in China: A latent class analysis.

Prenatal mental health is a neglected public health issue that places pregnant women at a higher risk for mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of prenatal mental disorders and provide a scientific basis to guide and promote the mental health of pregnant women. The study sample comprised 973 women in their first pregnancy, who were in their second trimester and third trimester, who underwent obstetric outpatient checkups at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Huai'an, who were recruited in the survey that was conducted from July to December 2017. The Chinese mental health scale (CMHS) was used to assess the mental health of pregnant women. The present study uses the chi-square test to compare the rates of class with different demographic variables, a latent class analysis to identify psychological symptoms, and multiple logistic regression analysis to examine whether the demographics predicted class membership. The chi-square test results showed that participants who reported feeling different in the perinatal period (χ2 = 6.35, P = 0.04), having marital satisfaction (χ2 = 15.8, P < 0.001), with an in-law relationship (χ2 = 29.43, P < 0.001), with a friend relationship (χ2 = 24.81, P < 0.001), with basic diseases (χ2 = 8.04, P = 0.02), and taking birth control pills (χ2 = 8.97, P = 0.01) have different probabilities of being classified. Three latent classes were identified: the high symptoms group (6.89%), the moderate symptoms group (20.56%), and the low symptoms group (72.56%). Pregnant women in the third trimester [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-3.25, P = 0.04], with a poor in-law relationship (OR = 2.82, 95% CI:1.45-5.51, P = 0.002), with a bad friend relationship (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31-7.71, P = 0.01), and who had basic diseases (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.00-2.90, P = 0.04) tended to be classified under the high symptoms group than under the low symptoms group. Pregnant women with a bad friend relationship (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.08-4.28, P = 0.03) and taking birth control pills (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.08-2.11, P = 0.02) were more likely to be placed under the moderate symptoms group than under the low symptoms group. A pregnant woman's mental health status factors include feeling different in the perinatal period, those with marital satisfaction, those with an in-law relationship, those with a friend relationship, those with basic diseases, and those taking birth control pills. To ensure a smooth progress of pregnancy and promote the physical and mental health of pregnant women, psychological screening and psychological intervention measures should be strengthened.

Oral health status of pregnant women in the Republic of Kiribati

Prenatal dental examinations were performed from June 2012 to May 2013 in the Republic of Kiribati as a Japan International Cooperation Agency support program. We analyzed the examination data and compared it with Japanese data retrospectively to clarify the oral health condition of pregnant women in the Republic of Kiribati. We recorded the DMF index, gingival status, and calculus attachment, analyzed data of 512 pregnant women. We also compared the city and the rural group data. The average number of present teeth, decayed teeth, missing teeth and filled teeth was 26.9, 2.5, 1.1, 0.2, respectively. Pregnant Kiribati women had significantly more decayed teeth and fewer filled teeth, more severe periodontal condition, more calculus deposition, and more severe gingival swelling than pregnant Japanese women. No significant difference was found in missing and filled teeth, but pregnant women in the city group had significantly more decayed teeth and tooth stumps than those in the rural group. Our findings indicate that pregnant women in Kiribati have more decayed teeth, more missing teeth, fewer filled teeth, and more severe periodontal problems than their counterparts in Japan. Additionally, the oral health status of pregnant women in Kiribati could be subject to regional variations. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 110-114, February, 2023.

Pre-eclampsia risk monitoring and alert system using machine learning and IoT

After 20◦weeks of gestation, pre-eclampsia is characterized by newly developing hypertension. Preventative interventions only moderately lower a woman’s risk of pre-eclampsia due to its prevalence, the risk variables that have been found to be accurate in predicting its beginning, and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. The signs and symptoms typically become visible toward the end of pregnancy (late second to early third trimester). Some of these tests are straightforward, while others are invasive; some have undergone significant research, while others are still being investigated in clinical settings. Pre-eclampsia has been linked, in particular, to cardiovascular sequelae in the fetus, such as hypertension and impaired vascular function. In our project, a system and an algorithm for evaluating the health status of pregnant women are proposed. Pre-eclampsia can cause major diseases and issues during pregnancy; thus, the system’s goal is to diagnose the condition early and monitor its risk. Our research examines the diagnostic options for early risk assessment to identify pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia and the possible advantages for the women, the unborn child, and health-care systems. A system like this will be widely used in clinical obstetric practice. It is designed to be implemented to monitor pregnant women’s status updates through the Internet of Things based on machine learning.

Pre-eclampsia Risk Monitoring and Alert System Using Machine Learning and IoT

After 20 weeks of gestation, pre-eclampsia is characterized by newly developing hypertension. Preventative interventions only moderately lower a woman’s risk of pre-eclampsia due to its prevalence, the risk variables that have been found to be accurate in predicting its beginning, and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. The signs and symptoms typically become visible toward the end of pregnancy (late second to early third trimester). Some of these tests are straightforward, while others are invasive; some have undergone significant research, while others are still being investigated in clinical settings. Pre-eclampsia has been linked, in particular, to cardiovascular sequelae in the fetus, such as hypertension and impaired vascular function. In our project, a system and an algorithm for evaluating the health status of pregnant women are proposed. Pre-eclampsia can cause major diseases and issues during pregnancy; thus, the system’s goal is to diagnose the condition early and monitor its risk. Our research examines the diagnostic options for early risk assessment to identify pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia and the possible advantages for the women, the unborn child, and health-care systems. A system like this will be widely used in clinical obstetric practice. It is designed to be implemented to monitor pregnant women’s status updates through the Internet of Things based on machine learning.